European regulators crack down on Big Tech

European regulators have launched a series of probes into Big Tech. In a latest move, Meta’s Facebook and Instagram could face hefty fines under the EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA) due to concerns they had not adequately addressed risks to children.

Here are some of the actions taken by European watchdogs against big technology companies:

European Union

Microsoft expects to take additional steps to resolve an EU antitrust investigation into its chat and video app Teams, a part of its Office product, even as it seems likely to get EU charges in the case, its President Brad Smith said on June 4.

The European Commission launched an investigation into Microsoft’s tying of Office and Teams last year, following a 2020 complaint by Salesforce-owned Slack, a competing workspace messaging app.

The EC is also probing whether Microsoft is preventing customers from relying on certain security software provided by its competitors, according to a document that regulators sent to at least one rival of the company in January, seen by Reuters.

EU antitrust regulators said in the same month that Microsoft’s investment of more than $10 billion in ChatGPT maker OpenAI may be subject to EU merger rules, after a similar warning from Britain’s Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) in December.

OpenAI’s efforts to produce less factually false output from its ChatGPT chatbot are not enough to ensure full compliance with EU data rules, a task force at the bloc’s privacy watchdog said in May.

Meta Platforms added safety features to its misinformation tracking tool CrowdTangle for use during June’s European Parliament elections in an attempt to allay EU concerns that triggered an investigation in April into the impact of Meta’s decision to phase out the tool.

The EC said at the time that Facebook and Instagram had failed to tackle disinformation and deceptive advertising in the run-up to European Parliament elections.

Facebook and Instagram are also being investigated for potential breaches of EU online content rules relating to child safety, which could lead to hefty fines, the EC said on May 16.

EU antitrust regulators had said on March 25 that Meta, Apple, and Alphabet’s Google would be investigated for potential breaches of the DMA.

In September 2023, the EU picked out 22 so-called “gatekeeper” services run by Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft and TikTok-owner ByteDance, giving them six months to comply with the provisions of the DMA meant to make it easier for European users to move between competing services.

In April, EU antitrust regulators designated Apple’s operating system for iPads as a gatekeeper under the DMA.

Meta and TikTok both appealed against the gatekeeper status in November, with the latter losing a bid to suspend its designation in February. Apple said in April it would continue to constructively engage with the EC to comply with its tech rules.

Brussels fined Apple 1.84 billion euros ($2.00 billion) on March 4, the iPhone maker’s first ever EU antitrust penalty, following a 2019 complaint from Spotify. Apple said it would challenge the EU decision in court.

An advisor to Europe’s top court said on Jan. 11 the court should uphold Google’s EU antitrust fine of 2.42 billion euros ($2.63 billion). The EC fined the company in 2017 for using its own price comparison shopping service to gain an unfair advantage over smaller European rivals.

Britain

In October, Britain’s media regulator asked the CMA to investigate Amazon and Microsoft’s dominance of the UK cloud market, citing features that made it more difficult for businesses to switch or mix and match cloud providers. The CMA will complete its investigation by April 2025.

France

France’s competition watchdog said in March it had fined Google 250 million euros ($272 million) for breaches linked to EU intellectual property rules in its relationship with media publishers.

A startup group representing more than 700 startups in Spain issued a complaint about Microsoft’s cloud practices to the country’s antitrust regulator in May, citing several allegedly anti-competitive practices in recent years.